Organizational Theory Multiple Perspectives - 1514 Words

Introduction In order to have a better understanding of organization theory, organizational phenomena should be studied in different ways. Different ways of thinking produce different perspectives which come to different concepts and theories. In this essay, multiple perspectives which are modern, symbolic-interpretive and post-modern will be defined. By examine the assumptions, which are ontology and epistemology underlying each of these perspectives, they can be compared. Also, how these perspectives contribute to different ways to think about organizational culture will be discussed in this essay. Modern, Symbolic-interpretive and Post-modern perspectives Modernists are objectivists who focus on reality of knowledge which is†¦show more content†¦Values of organization can be the beliefs which used to develop mission and vision statement which is referred by employees. According to modernist, corporate culture can influenced performance within organization. Modernism organization form culture where individual shares same goal. They argue that external factors can either help organization to improve performance once they adapt the new transformation or reduce the effectiveness once they could not catch up with the change. Quantitative analysis method is used to measure the degree of how culture relate to organization adaption and performance. Kotter and Heskett used the financial analysis various company to evaluate the strength of the culture (Hatch and Cunliffe, 2006: 189). Nowadays, research can by looking at corporation financial year review to see the performance of culture versus effectiveness. From symbolic-interpretvists’ point of view, they recognized organizational culture as long as they understand and it is reasonable to them. They need interpretation and validation that are meaningful when looking at organizational culture. Instead of carrying out archival research, symbolic-interpretvists focus on contemporary ‘verbal symbols’ of culture: myths, sagas, stories and legends (Schultz 1995: 82-88). These are representations of a history that cannot be known. The history of an organizational culture is seen as consisting of ‘historicalShow MoreRelatedEssay on Theoretical Matrix1470 Words   |  6 PagesSonnia Oliva Theoretical Matrix This week’s studies were an examination of organizational and individual barriers to change. We learn to identify the role of strategic renewal, the behavioral aspect of organizational change, analyzed the dynamic of motivating employee behavioral change, differentiated the three faces of change, and finally explored the sources of employee resistance. A primary focus was Lewin’s Field Theory in Social Sciences and for this paper identified three theoretical organizationRead MoreHow Communication Impact Leadership And The Decision Making Process Of Management1130 Words   |  5 Pagesand the goal is to communicate a clear and concise message to the receiver (e.g†¦ subordinates and the public). In further consideration of how communication impacts leadership, style of management may also impact the decision making-process. Organizational decision-making is when a person in authority identifies an important issues and caries out a process to make a choice that produces outcomes (Denhardt, Denhardt, Aristigueta, 2013, p. 124). The traditional top-down models of leadership thatRead MoreThe Volunteer Stages And Transition Models : Organizational Socialization Of Volunteers1355 Words   |  6 PagesMethod Article Critique CITATION Haski-Leventhal, D., Bargal, D. (2008). 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History revealed a shift in approach to conducting research studies, which included empirical study designs and complex populations. The advent of empirical research began to challenge the trait-based paradigm. Empirical research approaches suggested leadership is a dynamic process, which will vary based on the situation (Johns Moser, 2015). Research began to look past singular traits

Central America Vs Southern America Sexual Child Abuse

Central America vs Northern America Sexual Child Abuse The sexual child abuse issue has become of significance within the United States as an alarming focus in the past 30 years. Sexual child abuse (SCA) is such an extensive topic and yet as time progresses this subject is more unrestricted for discussion, various dialogs are provided to make parents and care-takers aware of the signs of potential sexual child abuse. Seminars are provided to and for children to teach methods in identifying any possible perpetrators and report any peculiar behavior they may come across. However, how fortunate are children from other countries in reporting or discussing this same issue when something so violated occurs to them? According to Alpert, J.L., Brown, L.S., Courtois, C.A., (1998), there have been findings that are constant in supporting that at least 20% of American women and 5% to 10% of American men have experienced some type of sexual abuse in childhood and that such abuse has transpir ed without regard to origin, race, or socioeconomic status. In an urban study however, which concentrated in Leon, Nicaragua, determined that sexual abuse defined childhood and adolescence as younger than age 19 Olsson, A., Ellsber, E., Berglund, S., Herrera, A., Zelaya, E., Pena, R., Zelaya, F., Persson, L.A. (2000). 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Immigration Policy in the United States Essay - 2016 Words

We are now in the 21st century and like the beginning of the 20th century the United States finds itself in the throes of a period of mass immigration. More then one million immigrants enter the Unites States, both legally and illegally every single year. Many argue that this new wave of mass immigration may help sustain the success that our nation is having in regard to the way of living that many American have come accustomed to and yet others believe that although our nation was created by immigrants it is time to shut down our borders. The truth of the matter is that there will always be issues in regard to immigration and the policies that the government sets forth in order control who comes into this country. Also now†¦show more content†¦For those who seek to come to this country by legal means it is only fair that the nation should be responsive and welcoming. However although it is necessary for the system to welcome legal immigrants to the US it is also very import ant for the government to battle illegal immigration as well. The reforming of America?s immigration policy is something that can no longer be avoided and must be dealt with as soon as possible. Years of neglect by governmental agencies and policies makers have now made this issue one of the biggest in American politics. First of it must be understood that immigration does no only effect curtain areas of the country and curtain aspect of public life but rather all of American life. Both legal and illegal immigration affect major issues such as jobs availability for all citizens, wages, education in public schools system and in general, health care issues, and the homeland security. There needs to be reform not only the issue of illegal immigration but also on legal immigration and refugee and asylum policies; the three main reforms that I will cover in this paper. Current immigrant policy allows for around 1 million immigrants allowed into this country every year. Although this may seem like a low number compared to the current population of nearly 300 million people who currently live in the unites states theShow MoreRelatedThe United States Immigration Policy1199 Words   |  5 Pages In the United States immigration has almost always been a controversial topic to discuss. 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The Iguana Tree Summary free essay sample

The novel The Iguana Tree describes what a person might go through to come to the America. There are many different reasons to want to come to the America such as a job, to attend school, and a better life, etc. A reason to come over Illegally would be not having the money to be able to afford the legal fees to come legally. In this novel, the man wanted to come to the America to find a Job, to make more money for his family. Once he had enough money he was going to have his wife and child brought over to be with him.When the man started his journey to come across to America, he as taken to an old, run down, dark house. When Hector arrived at the house another man (Miguel) was already there waiting to be hustled across the border. They would spend several days and nights together in the house not knowing what was to come next. We will write a custom essay sample on The Iguana Tree Summary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They had to go with limited food and drink for days. Then one night the coyote came and took the two men to a warehouse, there at the warehouse were many men. Eventually all the men were loaded Into a hole that had been cut out of the bottom of a truck. After all the men had been loaded into the hole It was welded back shut.After hours of riding In a closed, cramped space that smelled of urine and vomit, Hector was losing hope of ever making It out of the truck. Finally, the truck came to a stop, the hole was reopened, and the men were hustled out of the truck into a second warehouse (25). From the second warehouse all the men was took into a office where they was given an new identification card, the start of their new life as an illegal American (26). Hector went to South Carolina with Miguel the man he met in the old house, they waited on a bench for Misuses cousin Pablo to come and pick them up.Finally Pablo arrived and they started their Journey to South Carolina where Paulos lives and works. The farmer that Pablo worked for also gave Miguel a Job. Paulos boss called his neighbor to give Hector a Job. Hectors wife Lila and daughter were In Mexico living with Alliss mother. Within days of Hector, leaving Lasss grandmother passed away. While going through a hard time of her husband being gone and he grandmother passing away, Lila wanted so bad to cross Into America to have her family together. An old friend of Lasss from school offered to help get her and her child across to America.Seeing that she trusted the man she decided to allow him to help her. Lila and her baby had to go with different coyotes. She went to the house of the man that was to be her coyote; he took Lila too woman coyote that would bring the child across. After leaving her baby with the woman, Lila and her coyotes started their journey in a truck. She was to ride on the back that was covered with the man that was not driving; along the journey, the coyote raped her. They arrived at a river, which she had to swim across. Once across the water, she had to wait in a Junk yard in the back of a car for someone o show up and call for her.She was taken too house, where she would get her new identification, a new life. This Is where she awaited for her child and her husband. While she was waltzing she had to cut and dye her hair, she also watched a man being murdered. Days passes and her child never arrived, but Hector did. Hector was grateful to see his wife, but very upset that his child had not arrived. Hector, Lila, boss and his wife to help but they also had no luck. One day Miguel asked to drive Hectors truck he had gotten from his boss to the store.Hector knew the breaks was ad on the truck, but he had been so worried about finding his daughter he had not fixed the breaks. Miguel did not get far before he had a wreak in the truck. Hector and his wife went to the wreak site, this is where the Americans found out that they were illegal. They were taking to the station where all the illegal immigrants are sent to wait deportation. Hectors boss and wife tried everything that they could to keep Hector and his wife from having to go back to Mexico, but there was little that could be done. They were sent back home across the board and never found their child.

Combating Female Genital Mutation In Sudan Essay Example For Students

Combating Female Genital Mutation In Sudan Essay Combating Genital Mutilation in Sudan In the country of Sudan, in Northern Africa, there is a procedure that is tradition and is performed on most women called female genital mutilation, or FGM, which used to be known as female circumcision. It has been a normal practice for generations, but is now the subject for international controversy on the morality and safety of this procedure. It is now known that 82 percent of Sudanese woman have an extreme form of genital mutilation done on them, normally at a young age. This form of mutilation is called the Pharaonic form and includes the total removal of the clitoris and labia, and stitching together of the vulva, leaving only a small hole for urination and menstrual cycle. This is normally done without any type of anaesthetic or professional medical care. There is also a more moderate form of mutilation, called Sunni, where only the covering of the clitoris is removed. This practice started and became tradition in foreign countries in or der to ensure that women practice chaste behavior, and to suppress female sexuality. It has also been attributed to religious beliefs of monogamy although most religions do not support this type of practice. In todays society it has become more of a traditional and social norm, and has less to do with religious beliefs. This problem is not only in Sudan; it is practiced in the majority of the continent of Africa as well as other countries. In other cultures, such as Australian aborigines, genital mutilation is a part of the rite of passage into maturation, and is done on both men and women (Bodley, p. 58). FGM has often been referred to as female circumcision and compared to male circumcision. However, such comparison is often misleading. Both practices include the removal of well- functioning parts of the genitalia and are quite unnecessary. However, FGM is far more drastic and damaging than male circumcision because it is extremely dangerous and painful. It is believed that two th irds of these procedures are done by untrained birth attendants, who have little knowledge of health. They are often unconcerned with hygiene, and many use instruments that are not cleaned or disinfected properly. Instruments such as razor blades, scissors, kitchen knives, and pieces of glass are commonly used. These instruments are frequently used on several girls in succession and are rarely cleaned, causing the transmission of a variety of viruses such as the HIV virus, and other infections. There are many side effects of this procedure including trauma, stress or shock from the extreme pain; and bleeding, hemorrhaging and infections that can be fatal from improperly cleaned instruments. There can also be painful and difficult sexual relations and obstructed childbirth. The effects of this one procedure can last a lifetime, both physically and pyschologically. Today, 85 to 114 million girls and women in more than 30 countries have been subjected to some form of genital mutilation . It was declared illegal in Sudan in 1941, although that did little to stop this age-old tradition. To this day, about 90% of women are still being subjected to the mutilation, especially if it is a family tradition. In various cultures there are many justifications for these practices. Many older women feel that if they have an uncircumcised daughter, she will not be able to find a husband and will become a social outcast. Family honor, cleanliness, protection against spells, insurance of virginity and faithfulness to the husband, or simply terrorizing women out of sex are sometimes used as excuses for the practice of FGM. Examples similar to this are found in other cultures, such as the Maasai, an African cattle peoples tribe. A clitoridectomy is performed on adolescent girls in this tribe as part of their rite of passage, and signifies that they are ready for marriage. This practice is openly accepted by these women as another ritual and a normal precondition of marriage (Bodley , p. 121). The efforts to stop procedures of this kind are mounting though, especially with the help of women ages 16 to 30 who realize the dangers of this practice. These women can help to save their daughters and many other women from this if they are educated of the dangers. It ends up damaging their health, as well as their socio-economic lives; which is why it needs to be put to a stop. It is also unnecessary in todays society. These women have joined together to create the Sudan National Committee on Harmful Traditional Practices, and are now working to eliminate it completely. They have also joined together with government support and are a part of the National Plan of Action for the Survival, Protection and Development of Sudanese Children, where they work to educate people of the dangers of this procedure. In the United States and other Western countries, both female and male circumcision is practiced, although male circumcision is much more common. Female mutilation is sti ll an issue in Western countries though, and needs to be dealt with. These countries commonly used FGM as a means to deal with unruly, insane or temperamental women earlier in this century. Routine circumcision as a preventative or cure for masturbation was also proposed in Victorian times in America. In females, it was once thought that the application of pure carbolic acid to the clitoris an excellent means of allaying the abnormal excitement. The procedure of circumcisions, on both men and women, became commonplace between 1870 and 1920, and it consequently spread to all the English-speaking countries such as England, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. As a form of social control it fell out of fashion some time in the 1930s or 1940s. However, it has continued to the present in some form or another. In the United States alone it is estimated that about ten thousand girls are at risk of this practice in todays society. A bill was recently presented to the U.S. government in 1994 p rohibiting female genital mutilation to be performed, unless done for a medical reason by a trained professional. Although we are fighting for preventative measures, this surgery is still routinely performed on women in the United States. Some doctors believe and act upon the idea that excision does not prevent sexual pleasure but enhances it. FGM is also entering the United States with some immigrants who are holding on to their customs and identity. On the United States level, and in other places around the world, there are finally numerous efforts being made in order to abolish this practice both locally and internationally. Many laws have been passed over the last decade, in the United States and other Western countries, prohibiting any kind of mutilation on young girls, other than for medical purposes. In the future, leaders are hoping to enforce these rules in other smaller countries, where the government can do little to stop these unlawful acts, especially in Tribal peoples and other communities were laws are not strictly enforced. .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a , .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a .postImageUrl , .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a , .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a:hover , .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a:visited , .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a:active { border:0!important; } .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a:active , .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b 3d00a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative; } .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left: 18px; top: 0; } .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uddf128d38b35493ff3c117de18b3d00a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Research Report About Culinary Arts Essay